A Brief History of English Literature - 1782 Words

A brief history of English literature 1. Anglo-Saxon literature Written in Old English c.650-c.1100. Anglo-Saxon poetry survives almost entirely in four manuscripts. Beowulf is the oldest surviving Germanic epic and the longest Old English poem; other great works include The Wanderer, The Battle of Maldon, and The Dream of the Rood. Notable prose includes the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a historical record begun about the time of King Alfred ´s reign (871-899) and continuing for more than three centuries. Authors: Caedmon (English poet), Cynewulf (English poet), Franciscus Junius, the Younger (European scholar) and John Gardner (American author) Works: Beowulf (Old English poem), Exeter Book (Old English literature) manuscript volume of Old†¦show more content†¦Philips, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Universidad de Valencia. 13 October 2010 lt;http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Mainamp;entry=t142.e3806gt; 4. The Renaissance and Reformism The reformation, owing both to the wishes of its academic founders and to the popular tendencies underlying it, concerned itself largely with popular preaching. It is a widespread error to assume that there was little popular preaching in the Middle Ages. It is true that there were many bishops and parish priests who shirked their canonical duties in this respect, but there was much popular instruction; there was, especially among the friars, much simple, at times even sensational, mission preaching. But the deepening of religious life that preceded the reformation led men to employ with greater diligence all means of helping others, and popular preaching was thus more widely used. Here again, both a conservative and a revolutionary tendency are observable. On the one hand, we can trace the fuller but continuous history of the older use of sermons. On the other hand, we find the tendency, seen at its strongest in Zwinglianism, to exalt the sermon above the sacraments, to put the pulp it in place of the altar. Both tendencies made the literature of sermons more popular, and more significant. But, in the literature thus revived, theShow MoreRelatedHow English Evolved Into A Modern Language797 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish is the official language of many countries all over the world and is spoken more and more every day(How English Evolved Into a Modern Language.). Modern English is the product of the invasions of England over a long period of time(Where Did the English Language Come From?). Throughout history English has influenced and been influenced by many different languages(A Brief History of the English Language.). 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Douglass Example Essay - 1877 Words

Slaves didn’t know their mothers or birthdays. Assess the impact on their mental well being ? Care of the mother for the childs future character formation, have a decisive role. The slaves don‘t know their mother, so they don’t get good care. Slaves don’t have a sense of identity for self because they don‘t know their birthday. It is easy to hurt them as a persons sense of belonging. Slaves needs their mothers to be their directors. 2. Slavery degraded master and slave. Masters derived pleasure from abusing chattel. How would this behavior contribute to their diminished humanity? 400 years of the slave trade, but estimates of slaves brought to America Africa about 12 million to 30 million. Africa continent†¦show more content†¦15. Edward Covey had a reputation. What was that reputation and how did he earn it? A snake? Thomas can’t stand, the Douglas to Edward Covey, let Edward rebuked Douglas. Edward was a cruel man, he will be whipped slaves. Douglas often give some difficult work. Douglas Covey believes that Christianity is false. Edward tried to deceive himself and God, he is a true Christian, but some of his crimes, he is a sinner. Later, Douglas and Edward fighting since then, Douglas began to flee. Finally, Douglas became a brave man, Edward is just a useless owner. 16. Did Covey break Douglass’ spirit? How was Douglass reborn? Why was it a turning point? When Douglas was born into slavery, grew up in the South engaged in heavy slave labor, torture, several times nearly lost his life. However, his strong will in difficult circumstances, assiduous self-culture struggle. Slaveholders see good discipline, he handed him over to a special tame slaves and whites - Covey discipline. Douglas decided to revolt after being repeatedly beaten severely beaten discipline who scared the other no longer afraid to fight him. 17. Christmas was an unusual time on the plantation. How so? What was the intent of special treatment meted out to the slave? Many, but not all, the owners give the rest a day or more slaves at Christmas time. Some also provide them with sufficientShow MoreRelated frederick douglass Essay examples498 Words   |  2 Pages Slave and Citizen; the Life of Frederick Douglass In the biography of Frederick Douglass written by Nathan Irvin Huggins, covers the life of a magnificent man who lived his life as a slave, only to flee for his freedom to be a foremost advocate against slavery. Douglass was a black leader in the time of hostilities towards his race and became the foremost leaders of the abolitionist movement. He fought to end slavery within the United States in the decades prior to the Civil War and even harderRead More Comparison Of Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass Essay example1057 Words   |  5 PagesComparison Of Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass America, a land with shimmering soil where golden dust flew and a days rain of money could last you through eternity. Come, You Will make it in America. That was the common theme of those who would remove to America. It is the common hymn, the classic American rags-to-riches myth, and writers such as Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass had successfully embraced it in their works.Franklin and Douglass are two writers who have quite symmetricalRead MoreFrederick Douglass: The Rise of a Slave Essay example1906 Words   |  8 Pageshe Rise of a Slave Frederick Douglass is a former slave who made great effort in order to obtain freedom. He is born into slavery in the state of Maryland and he barely knows his parents. Douglass is unique compare to other slaves because he learns how to read and write. He found a way to escape from his master and settles in Massachusetts. Frederick Douglass writes his text to abolish slavery and to change it as well; he plays an important role in securing the equal rights of African-AmericansRead MoreDouglass Example 31562 Words   |  7 Pageswhole due to loss of the population of the slave trade, at least more than 100 million people , equivalent to 1800 the total number of the population in Africa.    5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did Southerners treat their slaves well?  Ã‚  They loved to sing.  Ã‚  What was Douglass’ perception about the songs?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The  southern slaveholders treated their slaves no good.  Ã‚  Slaves most of the work in the plantations.  Ã‚  Black leaders of slave origin – Frederick , talked about in his autobiography, the average person is happyRead More Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay examples1068 Words   |  5 PagesFrederick Douglass   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Illiteracy was an instrumental tool used to deprive slaves in an attempt to keep them ignorant and manageable during the 1800’s. If slaves were to learn how to read, they could in turn be educated. The oppressing class during this time period realized that if slaves were able to become educated they could no longer be useful, for it would be increasingly difficult to exploit their services. The ability to read was the white man’s power over slaves. Douglass, realizingRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Hero1492 Words   |  6 Pagesanother great example is the couple who lived near the California wild fires. The couple clearly couldve left on his own but in spite of the situation, they went out of the normal and went to save families in need. They helped them to safety and waited until the Firefighters arrived. They persevered through the obstacle in their life. They had confidence to continue to save the people and the determination that they were not go ing to let anyone die. This couple makes the perfect example on how a heroRead MoreEssay about Frederick Douglass: The Story of Slaves by a Slave1063 Words   |  5 PagesFrederick Douglass: The Story of Slaves by a Slave After the American Revolution, slavery became a more significant component in the American economy. As a result of many slave owners being materialistic, slaves were overworked and treated callously. One such slave was Frederick Douglass. Through most of his life, Douglass was trapped in a typical slave environment. However, Douglass taught himself to read and eventually escaped the desolate life of a slave. After his freedom, Douglass wroteRead MoreBeing A Slave Worthy Of Manhood1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life of Frederick Douglass, it is clear that Douglas had a very strong option about the differences between men. He did not seem to have the common out look in the differences between free men and slave, but rather something deeper. He believed that a slave with out hope or drive for a better life was not a true man, but that a true man was someone who was able to respect himself and become someone worthy of respect from others. Throughout, the story of Fredrick Douglass there seems to be manyRead MoreEssay Mass. 34th774 Words   |  4 PagesThe supposed winner and loser in each war may have crossed the mind as well but not much more. Why did these wars happen? What was being fought for and who was making the sacrifice? In David W. Blight’s article, â€Å"The meaning or the fight: Frederick Douglass and the memory of the fifty fourth Massachusetts,† he proves that in modern American society the memory of war is that of a fight and not of what was being fought for. Media, the entertainment industry, and even our education systems paint quiteRead MoreFrederick Douglass And His Life1494 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass believed that all people were born equal, but he also believed that humans were not just automatically born free. He deduced that man has the innate instinctive ability to mold themselves into whoever they wanted to become. So, naturally self-improvement and education were two crucial aspects of Frederick’s life. To Douglass the most horrific thing about slavery was the fact that slaves were totally and completely precluded from and form of education, which prevented them from

Kashmir Issue free essay sample

I remember when I used to leave my home for school early in the morning my mom used to instruct me not to speak with the cops and when I used to return home safely in the evening she used to treat me as if I had returned after a decade. Today nobody knows whether their near dear ones will return home by the dusk. Thats the fear that the people of Kashmir are living with. Freedom, for Kashmir, is a search for the lost identity of its rich cultural religious class of medieval world. The issue of Kashmir is not as ordinary as most of the people in India think. People of Kashmir are dying dying for the future of their unborn. I just want to convey to the outer world the citizens of India that the common man in Kashmir is not a terrorist but a human being who has needs like anyone else does, and among them, the most important is the safety need. But, unfortunately, no Kashmiri feels safe here. Tell me if some one barges into your house asks you to vacate the house and the land which u have been cultivating for years from where you earn your bread and butter, then how does it feel. It seems that the JAGIRDAAR ystem has returned to India is haunting the people of Kashmir. Some one is trying to hold on to this land some one is trying to take it away, but now the issue is not about the property or land but of the most precious thing on the planet- HUMMAN LIFE, which unfortunately is on SALE in Kashmir, thanks to the Govt. the hundreds of battalions of the forces who are doing it in the name of maintaining the so-called peace and providing safety to the people. Kashmir is not a battle field so stop the bloodshed. Stop turning the paradise into hell before it is too late for anyone to stop he fire within the Kashmtns. LET THE PEOPLE OF KASHMIR LIVE IN PEACE..! Indians have been through all this, we have read books about out forefathers and freedom fghters who gave us a nation for which we lost thousands of lives. Today India is repeating the same thing with the Kashmiris. Does this mean that Britishers were more legitimate and humanly than Indians? Britishers gave independence to India without thinking that they have ruled India for Decades. Why cannot India give Independence to Kashmir so that thousands of lives could be saved? Indian Govt. has een claiming for years that Kashmir is their integral part cares for its own people. Now the question is why the politicians are interested in ripping the article 370 from Kashmir why innocent people are being killed on a daily basis- as if they have any sales target (KILLING PEOPLE) to achieve per day or month? Govt. agencies are trying to destabilize the economy of Kashmir and shatter the only hope Kashmiris have. The entire world is of the opinion today that the best solution to the problem of Kashmir is to allow them to make their own choice. Why not Referendum? Trust me they have only two choices, either INDIA or INDEPENDENT KASHMIR. The problem arose from the day the British through its East India Company wanted to establish its rule over India for which in order to improve its economy sold Kashmir for a meager Rs. 75 lacks to then Dogra Ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh under Amritsar Treaty. This led to QUIT KASHMIR movement for a long period. During the course of time, India Pakistan got liberated from the British in 1947. However, 642 princely states of United become possible for that over decades Kashmir problem had lost its significance but or the wrong policies of puppet governments responsible for power shortage, non existing industrial setup, unemployment, corruption, nepotism and human right violations mostly effecting the youth has paved way for eruption of boiling Lava from a silent volcano. The prevailing situation in Kashmir is a result of the inhuman practices and policies of the Indian Govt. People of Kashmir have been living in a situation not worse than a coup. I dont want to point a finger on anyone but why India highlighted the issue of coup in Pakistan when it is forcing a similar situation in Kashmir? Sudden and unprovoked attacks on the innocent civilians amid severe thrashing and ransacking of the household has been typical of the Bollywood movies to show the reign of terror run by dacoits -the Daakus. But what has been the reel life example of Ramgarh villagers in films like Shoolay, is turning reality for Kashmiris who complain of being taken for a ride by the paramilitary CRPF troopers. And their misery, amid tight curfew, compounds with the warning note by the men in uniform who before leaving the spot fired gunshots in the air and said, S**lo Hum Phir Aayaingay! Since the day curfew was clamped in the Valley, many city areas in the Valley have been facing atrocities at the hands of CRPF troopers and the state police who pounce in the residential areas mostly during evening hours -beat the residents including women, smash the window panes, ransack household and leave with a warning note of returning to teach more lesson with more Iron Hands. 6th October, 1947 the state of Jammu and Kashmir was accessioned to India and this accession of the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India, signed by the Maharaja gainst the wishes of the people of Kashmir, was accepted by Lord Mountbatten. Sheikh Abdullah patronized Quit Kashmir movement against Maharaja Hari Singh, the heir of Maharaja Gulab Singh and as such sheikh was elevated to the status of pir (holy man). The Maharaja opt ed for a temporary accession with India and as such many cases of treasons were filed against the Shiekh Abdullah for his Quit Kashmir movement by the Govt. of India. With the help of Mahatma Gandhi Jawaharlal Nehru, all the cases were withdrawn for which Sheikh Abdullah supported he accession of Kashmir with India. Pakistan, with the help of Qabailie Jihadies, sent its troops in 1948 to Kashmir and annexed 314th of its territory. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru took the matter to U. N. O. where he accepted a resolution favoring holding plebiscite in Jammu Kashmir. People of Kashmir accepted the resolution waited for plebiscite. The Govt. of India did not implement the decision of U. N. O. for one or the other reason. This was resented by the people of Kashmir in general and that of by Pakistan in particular. In 1975-1976, when Sheikh Abdullah was the chief minister, here was a widespread movement in Pakistan Administered Kashmir to march to Indian Occupied Kashmir † an exact opposite of the present Kashmiri slogan of Chalo Muzaffarabad. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was hanged by Pakistan military dictator Zia- ul Haq on April 1, 1979. A complete support for India vanished in a few years and dictators photographs began to adorn the homes of Kashmiris. In the late 1950s when Nehru sent Haribhau Pataskar to gauge public opinion in the valley (in order to hold the referendum he had promised), Pataskar told him that the valley was all for oining Pakistan. Sheikh was lured by the friendship of Mahatma Gandhi Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru and for his own vested interests took the reins of power in 1951 as The Prime Minister of JK. While in power he again harped for holding plebiscite on seeing the mood of masses. He was then arrested and put behind the bars for 22 years. Sheikh Abdullah fared no better because of his double standards. People realised that they have been supporting the wrong person who cares for his own vested interests. He died in 1982 and within seven years, his birth and death nniversary became occasions to burn his effigy. He thus became the great betrayer from his erstwhile position of Lion of Kashmir. Thereafter central Govt. induced men of their choice as Prime Ministers Chief Ministers for suppressing the voice of the majority for plebiscite. These heads of the state exploited their position and curbed the rights of masses misinformed the international community about the political developments in Kashmir. Central Govt. offered huge budgets to the state, which were misused for their own ends. Stooge governments resorted to misgovernance by orruption, favoritism nepotism. Time changed the mood of the people for Self- Rule. Muslim United Front (MUF) wanted to restore the pre 1953 status of Kashmir for which the election results were ridged and its members (Present day leaders of Hurriyat its factions) were tortured put behind the bars. Pakistan, on the other hand, exploited the sentiments of Kashmiris especially the youth and provided conduit and shelter for keeping its lost slogan of incomplete accession alive on the international scenario for making Kashmir as part of its country and avenge